Adopting a comprehensive strategy for sustainability is necessary for an effective climate plan. One of the main sources of carbon dioxide emissions and one of the biggest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) is the built environment, or the places where people live and work. 41% of greenhouse gas emissions are attribute to the built environment, which includes buildings, other infrastructure, energy infrastructure, and power infrastructure, according to Architecture 2030. When relate activities like transportation are taken into account, the number increases significantly. Furthermore, according to their results, three-quarters of the infrastructure that will be in place in 2050 has not yet been construct due to the enormous need for infrastructure growth and building.
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Reducing the carbon footprint of the built environment and guaranteeing a sustainable, resilient future present problems in a country like India, where the population is estimate to reach 1.7 billion by 2050 from 1.428 billion. There is a 29–50 million house supply gap, on the one hand, but how can the built environment now in place be improve to guarantee a higher degree of sustainability? In the latter instance, retrofitting green construction is a workable alternative. It entails turning an existing building into a sustainable “green” structure by reevaluating a number of factors, including energy, water, material use, and cost. This enables the building to act as a catalyst, improving sustainability and enhancing occupant well-being while also assisting the nation in reaching its specific climate action goals. It has been one of the most popular ways to increase sustainability in already-existing structures during the last few decades.
The process of green retrofitting may involve examining several factors based on the intended use and financial constraints. For instance, a building owner may choose to swap out antiquated systems for more modern, energy-efficient models. If money is tight, it can just be as easy as updating the lighting fixtures and swapping out the outdated incandescent bulbs and fluorescent lights for more environmentally friendly LEDs. But to be as precise as possible, green retrofitting entails evaluating a number of factors that will significantly improve sustainability.
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Natural lighting, thermal comfort, and indoor air quality
The health of an occupier is significantly influence by these three factors. Inadequate ventilation or the presence of gaseous and particle pollutants can cause poor indoor air quality, which can aggravate respiratory conditions and cause other health concerns. In this instance, modern air filtration and ventilation systems will be install as part of a green retrofit, which can greatly enhance indoor air quality. To increase energy efficiency, it is also possible to retrofit the most recent technologies—like demand control ventilation systems, building automation systems, and air economizers—into the HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems that are already in place.
Maintaining interior temperature conditions without excessive heating or cooling will mostly depend on the use of upgraded insulation materials and the design of energy-efficient windows. Since the effects of severe temperatures are lessen, this improves thermal comfort.
Encouraging natural illumination by carefully placing windows and skylights can reduce the need for artificial lighting and boost energy efficiency. This will improve occupant productivity and mood while also fostering a healthier atmosphere.
Utilizing sustainable energy
Any green retrofitting project should have sustainability as its main objective, and renewable energy can be quite helpful in achieving it. An IEA study states that installing solar panels in place of energy-intensive systems in buildings can assist lower energy use by up to 30–50%. As part of larger climate aims, this may result in lower utility costs and a building’s carbon footprint.
Conserving water
Once more, various people will have different definitions of what water conservation in a green retrofit means. In its most basic form, it could entail fixing leaking pipes and outdated taps in order to save water. The use of low flows, rainwater harvesting systems, and greywater recycling would be ideal. Initiatives like this can help reduce water usage by 50 percent or more and guarantee water security in the long run, according to a WRI report.
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Reusing and recycling materials
It is a crucial part of the green retrofitting process and aids in lowering carbon emissions. Reusing and utilizing recycled materials conserves resources by lowering the need for new raw materials, waste production. This strategy not only promotes sustainability but also protects older buildings’ historical and architectural significance.
Undoubtedly, the initial expenditure in a green retrofit may seem high, but in the long run, the financial advantages greatly surpass it. Energy-efficient retrofits have a median payback period of 5 to 15 years and can save 20–40% on energy expenses, according to RMI study. Green retrofitting can raise property values by up to 10% in addition to the energy costs, making the building owner’s investment financially feasible.
In addition, the government offers grants and other incentives to property owners considering green retrofits, like as the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana. Additionally, Energy Efficiency Services Limited provides financial support for energy-efficient improvements and retrofitting projects. The initiatives ensure a broader uptake of green retrofitting techniques by making it simpler for building owners to carry out retrofitting.
The nation will be able to fulfill its commitments under the Paris Agreement by green retrofitting current structures for improvements in sustainable performance and the environment. Since retrofitting is essential to increasing the energy efficiency of the current built environment, it can help achieve the overarching objective of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and, consequently, address the serious issue of global warming. The Unit Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 11, which aims to improve the safety, resilience, quality of life, and sustainability of cities and human settlements, are also further by retrofitting. When an old building is retrofit to become more sustainable, it contributes significantly to the promotion of both the sustainability of the city and the health and well-being of its citizens.
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